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Water Availability on Earth

1 - Water Availability on Earth

Water is the fundamental ingredient for life on Earth. You can find it in the atmosphere above us, in the ocean, rivers and lakes around us, and in the rocks below us. Of all the water on Earth, 97% is saltwater, leaving a mere 3% as freshwater, approximately 1% of which is readily available for our use. The world’s population is becoming more and more reliant on this precious resource for power, irrigation, industrial practices, and daily consumption. The Earth is a watery place. But just how much water exists on, in, and above our planet? About 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is water-covered, and the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of all Earth’s water. Water also exists in the air as water vapor, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers, in the ground as soil moisture and in aquifers, and even in you and your dog. Water is never sitting still. Thanks to the water cycle, our planet’s water supply is constantly moving from one place to another and from one form to another.

2 - Water Quality

The parameters for water quality are determined by the intended use. Work in the area of water quality tends to be focused on water that is treated for potability, industrial/domestic use, or restoration (of an environment/ecosystem, generally for health of human/aquatic life). The parameters for water quality are determined by the intended use. Work in the area of water quality tends to be focused on water that is treated for potability, industrial/domestic use, or restoration (of an environment/ecosystem, generally for health of human/aquatic life). The availability of high-quality water is a key determinant for human, animal and plant survival. Without water, living things could not survive, making water quality one of the most important factors in whether anything can inhabit an area. Though water for human consumption is usually treated, there’s always the risk of accessing water that has not been treated, which is why the water used in an area must be protected at the source. As water moves from one stream to another, any contamination in the water flows along with it and has the potential to reach thousands of communities. Water quality is also important in determining plant and animal health. In many farms, water from nearby streams is used for irrigation. If that water is contaminated, any food grown with it or animals that graze on the grass have risk of contamination, as do any people who eat those crops or animals.